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- ID:D4 DOS 4.0 and Expanded Memory Drivers
- DESQview 2.+ Technical Note
-
-
- This note is somewhat preliminary since full testing and
- evaluation of a new version of DOS takes quite a bit of time.
- However, since some users may be planning to upgrade to DOS 4.0
- or may be considering installing it on new machines, here is the
- current, best information concerning running versions of DESQview
- 2.01 and earlier under DOS 4.0.
-
- EXPANDED MEMORY DRIVER
-
- DOS 4.0 provides two files, XMAEM.SYS and XMA2EMS.SYS that can be
- used to provide expanded memory to some systems.
-
- XMAEM.SYS: This driver is used to emulate an IBM XMA card
- on 386 IBM machines. XMA is an IBM hardware specification
- which uses a bank-switching technique. It should be noted
- that on a hardware level, this is not EMS 3.2, EEMS or EMS
- 4.0. It is IBM's own method. The IBM 3270 Workstation
- program uses XMA in its native mode, but any program that
- uses LIM style memory requires an additional EMS emulation
- driver on top of XMAEM.SYS systems or XMA boards.
-
- XMA2EMS.SYS: This driver when used with a 386 that has
- XMAEM.SYS loaded or when used with an XMA board, emulates
- EMS 4.0. This driver seems to do a reasonably good job of
- emulating the EMS 4.0 spec, but is limited for DESQview
- users in that it cannot set EMS pages in the 0-640K area and
- cannot be made to set pages into high (640K-1meg) memory
- addresses other than the EMS 64K Page Frame. This driver
- can be used for DESQview program swapping, but not to
- support multi-tasking in expanded memory.
-
- ***** Consumer Alert! *****
-
- Dos 4.0 defines EMS 4.0 pages 254 and 255 to be reserved for
- the use of the DOS 4.0 utilities: BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and
- VDISK. This function can be utilized by allocating specific
- physical 16K pages for P254 and P255 on the expanded memory
- driver line in CONFIG.SYS. These three utilities can then
- access this memory by giving them a "/X" parameter.
-
- This represents an addition to the LIM 4.0 specification by
- IBM. It is not supported by the specification as outlined by
- Lotus, Intel and Microsoft. It is not supported by
- Quarterdeck's QEMM driver or any other EMS 4.0 driver other
- than IBM's. Quarterdeck believes users should not use the
- "/X" switch to load any of the above mentioned utilities as
- other EMS 4.0 software will not be able to detect this
- special usage of EMS and may overwrite these pages. Since
- the BUFFERS driver contains directory information, this
- could lead to the loss of information on your hard disk.
-
- It remains to be seen how this will "sort out". It is
- possible that these IBM additions will eventually become a
- recognized addition to the EMS 4.0 spec, but for the
- present, we strongly recommend you do not use the "/X"
- parameter for BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK at any time,
- whether using DESQview or not.
-
- ****************
-
- Comparison of XMAEM and XMA2EMS and DESQview's QEMM products:
-
- Unless you don't have the QEMM products, there is no
- particular reason to use the IBM drivers.
-
- On a 386: IBM's drivers (both of which must be used), take
- 19K of overhead vs. 1.5K for QEMM. It does not provide
- memory sorting, loading high of TSR's, caching of ROMS,
- virtual screen support or QEMM and the memory mapped can
- only be used as swap space. Even if you are not using
- DESQview, QEMM is probably a better driver.
-
- On expanded memory boards: The IBM drivers cannot be used
- on these boards. Only on IBM XMA boards. You will still
- need to run the expanded memory driver that came with the
- board.
-
- On Model 50/60 with memory expansion: If you are not
- running DESQview, the IBM drivers will probably work well
- for expanded memory users such as Lotus 1-2-3, but do not
- provide the motherboard or 640K-1meg. mapping that is
- desirable for multi-tasking programs.
-